The precise reasons why a woman develops breast cancer are still unknown, but are thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. Scientists have identified two genes which are more likely to be defective in someone with breast cancer . These genes are also blamed for some other cancers. However, even the two mutated genes are thought only to be responsible for approximately 5 per cent to 10 per cent of breast cancer cases.
Hormones seem to have an important role in breast cancer. Research has shown a link between oestrogen levels (the female sex hormone) and the risk of developing breast cancer. The exact causes of breast cancer have not been clearly identified, but there are certain risk factors:
• Getting older - 80 per cent of breast cancer cases are in postmenopausal women - it's relatively unusual in younger women.
• Having a significant family history of breast cancer, which may be associated with inherited gene mutations.
• Having no children or women who have their first child later in life.
• Starting your periods early or going through the menopause late.
• Certain types of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for the menopause over a prolonged period.
• Being overweight.
• Drinking excess alcohol.
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